High-order finite difference approximations for hyperbolic problems: multiple penalties and non-reflecting boundary conditions
نویسنده
چکیده
In this thesis, we use finite difference operators with the Summation-By-Parts property (SBP) and a weak boundary treatment, known as Simultaneous Approximation Terms (SAT), to construct high-order accurate numerical schemes. The SBP property and the SAT’s makes the schemes provably stable. The numerical procedure is general, and can be applied to most problems, but we focus on hyperbolic problems such as the shallow water, Euler and wave equations. For a well-posed problem and a stable numerical scheme, data must be available at the boundaries of the domain. However, there are many scenarios where additional information is available inside the computational domain. In terms of well-posedness and stability, the additional information is redundant, but it can still be used to improve the performance of the numerical scheme. As a first contribution, we introduce a procedure for implementing additional data using SAT’s; we call the procedure the Multiple Penalty Technique (MPT). A stable and accurate scheme augmented with the MPT remains stable and accurate. Moreover, the MPT introduces free parameters that can be used to increase the accuracy, construct absorbing boundary layers, increase the rate of convergence and control the error growth in time. To model infinite physical domains, one need transparent artificial boundary conditions, often referred to as Non-Reflecting Boundary Conditions (NRBC). In general, constructing and implementing such boundary conditions is a difficult task that often requires various approximations of the frequency and range of incident angles of the incoming waves. In the second contribution of this thesis, we show how to construct NRBC’s by using SBP operators in time. In the final contribution of this thesis, we investigate long time error bounds for the wave equation on second order form. Upper bounds for the spatial and temporal derivatives of the error can be obtained, but not for the actual error. The theoretical results indicate that the error grows linearly in time. However, the numerical experiments show that the error is in fact bounded, and consequently that the derived error bounds are probably suboptimal. Sammanfattning p̊a svenska Många fenomen som observeras i naturen beskrivs matematiskt av partiella differentialekvationer med lämpliga rand-och initialvillkor. Dessa fenomen p̊aträffas inom flödesdynamik, kvantmekanik och elektromagnetism, för att nämna n̊agra exempel. I allmänhet kan dessa problem inte lösas analytiskt, och m̊aste därför modelleras med hjälp av datorer. Den spatiella domänen delas d̊a upp i ett ändligt antal diskreta punkter, där man söker en approximativ lösning. I den här avhandlingen används finita differensoperatorer p̊a s.k partiell summationsform för att konstruera noggranna numeriska metoder. Med hjälp av en svag implementation av randvillkoren blir metoden även stabil. Denna metodik är allmän och kan tillämpas p̊a alla problem, men i denna avhandling fokuserar vi p̊a v̊agoch flödesproblem. Data m̊aste vara tillgängligt p̊a randen för att problemet ska vara välställt. Ytterligare information om lösningen kan emellertid vara tillgänglig inuti domänen. Denna ytterligare information är överflödig när det gäller att konstruera ett noggrant och stabilt numeriskt schema, men kan likväl användas för att förbättra prestandan p̊a olika sätt. Som ett första bidrag introduceras en metod för att inkorporera tillgängligt data i domänen, s̊a att metoden förblir stabil. Vi kallar denna metod för ”multiple penalty technique“ (MPT). Med denna teknik introduceras ett antal fria parametrar som kan användas för att göra metoden noggrannare, öka konvergenshastigheten, konstruera absorberande randskikt och kontrollera feltillväxten hos vissa problem. I m̊anga tillämpningar m̊aste oändliga domäner modelleras, och domänen m̊aste begränsas med hjälp av s.k artificiella randvillkor. Dessa randvillkor bör vara transparenta, d.v.s all information som träffar randen ska transporteras ut ur domänen utan att ge upphov till reflektioner. Fullständigt transparenta randvillkor kallas för icke-reflekterande randvillkor. Det andra bidraget i denna avhandling g̊ar ut p̊a att konstruera och implementera denna typ av randvillkor med hjälp av tidsoperatorer p̊a partiell summationsform. Randvillkoren ger ett välställt problem och det numeriska schemat är stabilt. Som ett sista bidrag i denna avhandling studeras felgränser för v̊agekvationen p̊a andra ordningens form. Övre gränser för rums-och tidsderivatan för felet erh̊alls, men inte för själva felet. De teoretiska resultaten indikerar att felet växer linjärt med tiden, medan numeriska experiment indikerar att en övre felgräns existerar.
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تاریخ انتشار 2017